Constructivism in Practice

Constructivism asserts that people learn effectively when they are engaged in constructing personally meaningful artifacts(Thurmond, 1999). Instructional strategies such as Project-Based Learning can make assignments and work much more meaningful for students. It also allows them to see how academic work can connect to real-life issues.

Project-Based Learning can easily accomodate computers and the internet into the classroom(Edutopia, 2009). Other technological devices like cameras, video, and interactive whiteboards can help students to investigate issues and the world. Web-based learning resources, such as Astroventure and the NASA Solar System Simulator, encourage students to solve problems and to work collaboratively to create a model or a hypothesis. The classroom teacher assumes the role of a mentor who guides students towards making practical decisions and a deeper understanding of more complex issues. 

The constructivist method for teaching and learning can add relevance to a school's curriculum. As students begin to explore their world, they may start to appreciate the importance of school, an education, and their future roles as leaders in the 21st century.

References:
   Edutopia Staff. (2008).  Why teach with project learning?: providing students with a well-rounded classroom experience. Retrieved May 24, 2010, from http://www.edutopia.org/project-learning-introduction

   Thurmond, A. (1999).  Constructivism and constructionism. Retrieved May 24, 2010, from http://online.sfsu.edu/~foreman/itec800/finalprojects/annmariethurmond/home.html

Cognitive Learning Theory in Practice

Cognitivism is information processing while using the senses to affect short and long term memories. The four components of Cognitive Learning Theory include limited short term and working memory, elaboration, dual coding, and network modeling. One of the instructional strategies that I explored this week was concept mapping. This activity enables students to use nodes of information to create visual outlines. Students can then expand upon this information and create informational or research-based reports. They may also use this information to create study guides for quizzes or tests. Using online programs, such as Mywebspiration, permits students to collaborate within groups in order to brainstorm information. It can be a very effective learning tool.

Another instructional strategy is the wiki. This tool allows students to be creative and personal while publishing their work in order to be judged by others. It relates to cognitive learning theory in a couple of ways. The first is in elaboration. Students use a variety of memories to associate with new ideas being published to the wiki. As a result, when they attempt to recall information or facts, it should be easier and more meaningful to them. Wikis also utilize dual coding; especially when students choose to include graphics or podcasts to enhance their assignments. I use wikis in my classroom and have found them to be useful, effective tools.

Cognitive learning theory is an effective and efficient way for students to learn and for instructors to teach. It utilizes the human senses to make information connected and relevant to the learner. As a result, memories are easier to recall and are retained longer. Technology can help us to utilize this theory in many different ways.

Behaviorist Theory & Technology

Reinforcing Effort and Homework and Practice are two instructional strategies that embed technology which could be correlated with the principles of the behaviorist learning theory. According to Pitler, Hubbell, Kuhn, and Malenoski (2007), technology makes it easier for students and teachers to track the effects of effort and facilitates more immediate feedback. This is one of the major components of behaviorist theory, in particular Operant Conditioning. Software programs such as Microsoft Excel can be utilized to create grade books and rubrics to provide instant feedback, or rewards, for student effort. Survey programs can be utilized to show student progress for most outcomes or goals. Once again, this is a classic example of behaviorist learning theory.

 Homework and Practice is another area where technology can be used alongside operant conditioning. Drill and practice is a common component of behaviorist instruction and Pitler, Hubbell, Kuhn, and Malenoski (2007), state that practicing with this type of multimedia software allows students to shape experience to their individual learning style and increase their level of understanding to mastery. It provides immediate feedback and scaffolding to help students to understand and practice concepts.

 There are many instructional strategies that utilize learning theory. In fact, it is so prevalent in technology that it is difficult to find software that does not utilize it. Regardless, it has its place in education and in today’s classroom.

References:
Pitler, H., Hubbell, E., Kuhn, M., & Malenoski, K. (2007). Using technology with classroom instruction that works. Alexandria, VA: ASCD.